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Do you know that we have left the Age of the Information Economy behind and are now well into the Age of the Attention Economy? What does this mean? It means that if you rely upon the Internet to conduct your business, or you work for clients who do, the age of putting up a web site and getting instant results are long gone. Now the writing on your web page clamors for the attention of web surfers who are lured by the frantic actions of the billions of pages currently indexed on the web. To give you some perspective, Google alone indexes over 7 billion pages. Therefore, to survive means to grab people's attention and you do that by using good digital rhetorical skills. Now there's a scary word – rhetoric. In my case, rhetoric was a term the nuns used to throw around in regards to the essays we wrote in English class. You know, the reading, writing, and rhetoric thing? Go back now to first year high school English; remember the purpose of an essay? It is to grab your reader's attention and persuade her to adopt your point of view, to agree with your argument. And that is what rhetoric is all about: rhetoric can be defined as the art of persuasion: of using words, either verbal or written, to catch attention and persuade readers to think, do, or believe what you want them to think, do or believe. Mechanical Rhetoric Now let's apply this concept to search engine optimization. The first challenge is to grab attention. How do you do that? One big way you do that is by ranking high in the search engines. Because then, when a user enters a relevant keyword term, the site you’re working on will come up as one of the (hopefully) top 10 web sites! Okay, so working backward, how do you write so that a site ranks high? First, you fill the site with good, solid, well-written content. You offer value to visitors. The search engines measure content and score it according to its value to users. In other words, you use the skills of good rhetoric, which include the skillful, artful, and meaningful use of words. Second, you select keywords that your users are most likely to use to search for what you offer on your site. The trick here is to select keywords that are likely to be used, but that won't draw a big number of web sites in a keyword search. Here’s where you need to work with an SEO expert, or employ the use of special keyword software. Third, you get a lot of quality sites to link to your site. These links are viewed as "votes" for your web site, and the "better" the site in the search engines' eyes, the higher the value assigned to the site. The search engines look at the quality of the content on sites linking to yours, as well as their relevance. Fourth, the site needs to be designed in a search-engine friendly way. How do you do that? First, don't use Flash. You know those sites that have that introductory page where it says "Click to skip?" Well, the search engine crawler never gets beyond that page and therefore doesn't index the web site. Also, avoid using JavaScript. Same thing there, the search engines get lost in the complex code it generates and that's the end of their crawl on the site. Next, make sure all the internal site links are working, and make them text links that contain your keywords. Then, if you use image maps or pull down menus for navigation, make sure you also have textual navigation on the same page. Last, pay careful attention to the content of your Title tag, Description tag, Header tags, and body text. As for your Keyword tag, Google doesn't even look at it, but make sure you still have it contain all the site's important keywords. Also, make sure you use your keywords in each of these in a relevant, normal way. Some webmasters make the mistake of loading these tags with keywords in a manipulative, phony way: the search engines can see right through this tactic and will penalize the site accordingly. Also, in the body text, bullets, italics, and bold are weighted more heavily, and if possible, use keywords here as well. The items we've discussed above comprise the mechanical aspects of SEO rhetoric for your site. Now let's talk about textual rhetoric. Textual Rhetoric The all-important, coveted visitors to a web site are always just a click away from moving on to some other site they find more interesting, so you have to try and keep them with you until you accomplish your rhetorical goal! Wow, there's a term of academic gobbledy gook. Seriously, if you go back to our definition of rhetoric, it is to persuade or convince someone to accept your argument. Well, your argument is whatever the objectives are for the site.
The first step in creating good web site rhetoric is to define your purpose as specifically as possible. Now the question becomes, who is your user? Do you have demographic data: age, schooling level, location, job, hair color? Find out as much as you can about who your web site is geared to: if you sell men's work pants, then your audience is going to be
So, with these two pieces of data: your purpose (to sell workpants) and a description of your target audience, you're ready to rock and roll in crafting your web site text. Let's look at some general rules for web text that apply to all readers. First, the screen carries approximately 1/3 the amount of information and text that an 8 x 11 inch piece of paper holds. Second, people don't like to read text in long paragraphs on the screen; they prefer short paragraphs and sentences, bullets, headers, and graphics (but don't put text in the graphics because the search engines can't read it). Also, reading speed is decreased by 30%. Third, avoid scrolling: a good rule of thumb is 250–300 words per screen. Fourth, write in a style that is clear, concise, and easily scanned. Fifth, use keywords, but use them accurately and with relevance Okay, so now back to your purpose: make it obvious and clear what you want the readers to do – your rhetorical point! Here are some possibilities of what you might want them to do:
Then, make it easy for them to get to:
So, there you have it, some stuff you can put in your arsenal to get started for your own web site or to service other people’s sites. Remember: having a successful web site means doing some advance planning and following guidelines that have been proven to work. So, get out there, work hard, and go get 'em!!
Mary Anne Donovan is both a scholar and a practitioner, a balance that "gives her the best of both worlds: the theory behind digital communications and the hands-on experience to know what really works and what doesn't." She is in her tenth year as a professor of technical writing and business communications at St. John Fisher College. Mary Anne has worked with computers since they first came out of the closet and into more general application, starting with computerized quality control systems for Kodak photographic and printing processes and now with the fine points of SEO theory and application. Email:
maryann5@frontiernet.net
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